ADHD in Children: Part 1
- Maddie Barrett
- 3 hours ago
- 3 min read
This 2-part series will take a deep dive into ADHD: what it is, what it means, and how you can best support a child diagnosed with ADHD.
What does ADHD stand for?
ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder, which refers to a group of disorders that begin in childhood and affect the development and function of the brain. Other disorders include Autism Spectrum Disorder, Dyslexia, and other learning difficulties.
ADHD is categorised into three main types:
Inattentive ADHD: This type refers to difficulty staying concentrated and organised.
Hyperactive-Impulsive ADHD: This type is characterised by never seeming to slow down, talking and fidgeting, and difficulties staying on task.
Combined ADHD: This type refers to when an individual experiences symptoms of both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive ADHD.
While symptoms can overlap, the dominant traits determine the specific ADHD type, influencing how individuals function in their daily lives. This will also influence which treatment option will work best.
ADHD in children
It’s totally normal for kids, especially younger ones, to be busy, distracted, and full of energy from time to time, especially when they’re feeling anxious or excited. The key difference with ADHD is that these symptoms stick around for a longer time and can affect how a child functions at school and at home.
Currently, boys are about three times more likely than girls to be diagnosed with ADHD. This might be because girls often show fewer of the “disruptive” signs associated with ADHD. It does not mean that girls don't experience ADHD, but rather that it looks different in girls and boys. More research in this area will help with better diagnostic systems to ensure that girls and young women are not being overlooked.
It is not about laziness or poor parenting, but about the brain functioning differently in areas linked to attention, impulse control, and activity levels. These differences can bring challenges in structured environments (like classrooms), but also come with unique strengths such as creativity, energy, problem-solving, and the ability to think outside the box.
What does it look like?
Children experience different symptoms from adults, and ADHD usually looks different in boys and girls. Keep this in mind and remember, this is not an exhaustive list!
At school, ADHD may look like:
Tuning out or appearing to daydream, especially when being given instructions
Talking a lot, interrupting others and being unable to wait for their turn
Having trouble with homework, and often giving the impression that they have not heard the teacher's instructions
Having trouble starting a task on their own or completing one without regular one-on-one support
Staying hyper-focused on certain tasks or activities
Frequently calling out in class or a group and being known as the ‘class clown’
Doing dangerous and impulsive things, like jumping from heights or running out onto the road without looking out for traffic
Acts quickly and is often willing to take risks or try new things
High energy levels that can be channelled into sports, play, and learning
Acting before they think
Being easily upset
Getting angry and “exploding” quite easily
Finding it hard to make and keep friends, usually because they are seen as bossy
(list taken from: https://mentalhealth.org.nz/conditions/condition/adhd-in-children)
Some may face negative comments from teachers or family about their behaviour or school performance, which can leave them feeling “not good enough.” Supporting children with ADHD in building their self-esteem is super important. Adults can make a big difference by recognising and celebrating their unique talents, skills, and efforts.
Our next article will touch on treatment for ADHD and the support strategies that you can use for your child.
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